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I have just returned from a short trip to the Northern Territory where I stayed at Alice and went on guided tours run by the Anangu, the traditional custodians of the national park. Below you can read more about this park, thanks to wikipedia. And if you desire to find out more, wikipedia has a very informative section on Uluru and Kata Tjuta and the Aboriginal people of the area, the Anangu.
To me, this rock that turns red at dawn and sunset, is a most suitable symbol for the heart of Australia, especially the Aboriginal heart that in the past was in danger of stopping to beat for ever, thanks to the then racist policies of the government of Australia, which up to the middle of the last century classified the original inhabitants of this land as FAUNA and which took the children away from the parents (if they had white blood), in order to raise them as domestic servants – or as it was euphemistically explained- to help them assimilate into the superior culture.
I had the privilege of talking to some of our Anangu guides and some Anangu in Alice and only wished I could have stayed longer and learnt more about this longest living culture in the world that stretches back at least 40,000 years.

WIKIPEDIA:
Uluru, also referred to as Ayers Rock, is a large sandstone rock formation in the southern part of the Northern Territory, central Australia. It lies 335 km (208 mi) south west of the nearest large town, Alice Springs; 450 km (280 mi) by road. Kata Tjuta (The Olgas) and Uluru are the two major features of the Uluru - Kata Tjuta National Park. Uluru is sacred to the Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara, the Aboriginal people of the area. It has many springs, waterholes, rock caves and ancient paintings. Uluru is listed as a World Heritage Site.
Uluru is one of Australia's most recognisable natural icons. The world-renowned sandstone formation stands 348 m (1,142 ft) high (863 m/2,831 ft above sea level) with most of its bulk below the ground, and measures 9.4 km (5.8 mi) in circumference. Both Uluru and Kata Tjuta have great cultural significance for the Aṉangu Traditional landowners, who lead walking tours to inform visitors about the local flora and fauna, bush foods and the Aboriginal dreamtime stories of the area.

Uluru is notable for appearing to change colour as the different light strikes it at different times of the day and year, with sunset a particularly remarkable sight when it briefly glows red. Although rainfall is uncommon in this semiarid area, during wet periods the rock acquires a silvery-grey colour, with streaks of black algae forming on the areas that serve as channels for water flow.
Kata Tjuta, also called Mount Olga or The Olgas owing to its peculiar formation, is another rock formation about 25 km (16 mi) from Uluru. Special viewing areas with road access and parking have been constructed to give tourists the best views of both sites at dawn and dusk.